01
Foundation · Case Study 1
Unique ID Generator
Design a distributed ID generation service — globally unique, sortable, 10k IDs/sec. Covers UUID, Snowflake, ticket servers, and clock skew.
System Requirements
Problem statement, functional requirements, back-of-envelope estimation, NFRs, API design, and base architecture.
System OverviewFREstimationNFRAPIBase Architecture
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Deep Dives
Counter approaches, UUID, ticket servers, pre-generated key pools, Snowflake bit layout, clock skew handling, and fault isolation.
SnowflakeUUIDTicket ServerClock SkewFault Isolation
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Observability
SLIs and SLOs for an ID service, latency and availability measurement, alerting strategy, and error budgets.
SLI / SLOAlertingError Budget
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Final Design
The complete architecture after all deep dives — every component justified, every tradeoff resolved.
Final ArchitectureFull Diagram
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