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    • Concepts
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    • Foundation
    • Ascent
    • Expedition
    • Summit
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      • WhatsApp
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    05

    Level 5 of 5

    Battleground

    Advanced distributed systems — real-time at scale, ordering guarantees, offline delivery, connection storms.

    BATTLEGROUND
    WhatsApp
    Design a global messaging system — 2B users, real-time delivery, offline queuing, per-conversation ordering, three-tick message status.
    WebSockets Kafka Message Ordering Offline Delivery Backpressure Hot Partitions
    Open case study →